PRICE: He fined her $25 and threatened to slap her. And the chief of police said, is that a uniform you're wearing? I said, you mean to tell me you don't know the color of the United States Army uniform? So he said to me, that's why you spent the night in jail because you're too damn smart. KEYS EVANS: The jailer came the next morning, took me to the chief of police. Keys might have been shy, but young Black women didn't join the Army back then without having a steely streak. PRICE: She was charged with disorderly conduct and held overnight in a jail cell with a mattress on the floor so dirty she wouldn't touch it. No one would ever have expected her to get into any kind of trouble. As her sister said, she was the quietest of us all. If anyone knew Sarah, they would know she would never have been unruly. NATHAN: They claimed that she had been unruly, had been cursing, had been disorderly. PRICE: Two policemen arrived on the scene. NATHAN: And she thought of all the stories about Black people - and including Black people in military uniforms - who have gotten into serious trouble and been mistreated in being alone at night in small Southern towns. PRICE: Amy Nathan wrote a children's book about Sarah Keys and is now working on an adult version of her story.
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KEYS EVANS: And he said to me, Miss, don't you know where you are? I said to myself, oh, God, Sarah, you are in trouble.ĪMY NATHAN: And she said suddenly she got terrified. PRICE: Keys turned around and saw a tall Black man pushing a broom. It was sort of like in a movie, you know? KEYS EVANS: And when I got to the ticket window, the lady pulled the curtain down and dimmed the lights. Keys got off to try to figure out what was happening.
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PRICE: The driver then ordered everyone but her onto a different bus. KEYS EVANS: And I told him I was comfortable where I was. When it stopped in Roanoke Rapids, the driver asked Keys to move to the back so the Marine could have her seat. It was her first leave since joining the Women's Army Corps. The bus was taking her home to Washington, N.C., from Fort Dix in New Jersey. PRICE: Keys, who now goes by her married name, Keys Evans, is 92 years old and declined an interview, but she recorded her story a few years ago for the Eastern Carolina Christian College and Seminary in Roanoke Rapids to help raise money for a memorial in a city park. SARAH KEYS EVANS: I had purchased my ticket, making sure that I had a straight-through bus, a bus with no changes, but to my surprise, when I got to Roanoke Rapids, N.C., there was a big problem. Until a few years ago, Keys herself was sometimes able to join Pierce's class by speaker phone from her home in New York City. And Pierce has persuaded the state to erect a roadside historical marker. Last week, a bill was introduced to award her a Congressional Gold Medal. And he's part of a modest revival devoted to her story. PRICE: Pierce now teaches his students about Sarah Keys and her case, known as Keys v. You don't know what's going to happen to you. So you're a Black woman who's been taken by white men and put in the back of a police vehicle. PIERCE: You likely didn't have any street lights. PRICE: He wondered aloud at Keys' courage that night when the shy 23-year-old Army private was jailed after refusing to give up her seat for a white Marine. RODNEY PIERCE: We look at Roanoke Avenue now, you have lights, but we're talking 1952, almost 70 years ago. Pierce stands in front of an abandoned bus station, remembering a moment that would change history. His lessons cover the icons of the civil rights era.
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JAY PRICE, BYLINE: Rodney Pierce teaches eighth grade social studies in the local school district. Jay Price of member station WUNC has the story from Roanoke Rapids, N.C.
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Almost 70 years ago, two Black women worked to end the practice of racial discrimination on interstate buses. An eighth-grade teacher is helping bring some new attention to an overlooked story from the civil rights era.